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The nurse practitioner role is one of the more influential positions in healthcare. These skilled and knowledgeable nurses are depended on to provide primary care to diverse patient populations, and can be found in hospitals, outpatient clinics, private practice, community health centers, government and even independent practices (depending on the state in which they live). As such, many nursing students with ambitions of delivering and improving care at an advanced level strive to become a nurse practitioner. Yet the question on nearly all of their minds, and potentially yours as well, is, “How long does it take to become a nurse practitioner?” It’s a fair question to ask. As advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), NPs must first satisfy education, experience, and state and national certification requirements before they can practice. The first essential step to becoming a nurse practitioner is to earn a graduate degree. Completing a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) program will have to be factored into your timeline. Read on for more information on how to become a nurse practitioner, how to become a family nurse practitioner (FNP) and the years to complete a graduate degree. NPs at a glanceBefore jumping into all of the steps necessary to become a nurse practitioner, it’s important to take a look at the role and some of the core job responsibilities. Nurse practitioners deliver primary, acute or specialty care across a range of patient populations. NPs may specialize in women’s health, family care, pediatrics, gerontology or other nursing fields. They are nationally and state-certified APRNs who have completed a master’s degree in nursing and have a strong grasp of concepts like evidence-based practice, advanced health assessment, leadership in nursing and other core competencies. Given their level of education and certification, NPs perform crucial care duties autonomously or in collaboration with other care professionals. According to the American Association of Nurse Practitioners (AANP) in 2019, NPs during any given practice day might:
Those last couple points emphasize the importance of NPs in particular. The unique approach of the NP, according to the AANP, is the holistic focus on the well-being of the patient. Where do NPs work?Nurse practitioners are in high demand across America. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) estimates that nurse practitioner positions will grow 28% between 2018 and 2028, well above the national average for all occupations of 5%. According to the AANP, in 2019, there were 270,000 NPs nationwide — a number that’s grown from 171,000 in 2013 and 82,000 in 2001. Given that NPs specialize in a number of care areas, they can find employment in numerous different settings, including, but not limited to:
Overall, the median national salary for NPs in 2018, according to the BLS, was just more than $107,000. However, that figure could increase depending on the work setting, with the highest salaries for NPs available in state, local and private hospitals. How long does it take to become a nurse practitioner?It can be difficult to pinpoint the exact time it takes to become a nurse practitioner given the different pathways to the role, necessary degrees and the various specializations and their requisite certifications. However, according to the AANP, as of 2019 nurse practitioners need at least six years of academic and clinical preparation. Broadly, this timeline encompasses earning accredited degrees, completing supervised clinical hours and obtaining licensures and certifications. The AANP breaks down the process to becoming an NP like so:
It’s worth noting that there is flexibility in this general outline for how to become a nurse practitioner. Some graduate programs may not require that students have a BSN. For example, Bradley has two tracks for its MSN program to become a family nurse practitioner:
This all underscores the importance of choosing the best possible graduate nursing program for you and your expected timeline. What are the steps to becoming an NP?Let’s examine in greater depth those five broad steps (and the average six-plus years) it takes to become a nurse practitioner. Earning a BSNAn undergraduate degree is the first step for many would-be nurse practitioners. Typically, these degree programs take around three to four years to complete and give nursing students the fundamental skills, knowledge and experience needed to pursue entry-level jobs in health care. Students get a mix of classroom and clinical learning where they can explore and become proficient in theories of nursing practice, concepts in pathophysiology, health promotion, disease prevention, care delivery and other core nursing subject matters. Experiential elements may include completing clinical hours, internships or self-directed research projects. A key outcome of any BSN program is preparation for examinations to become a licensed registered nurse. Often, accredited BSN programs are offered in both on-campus and online formats. The traditional BSN on-campus format requires in-person attendance, while online options can be completed from a personal laptop (save for clinical experiences). The latter are generally less available than traditional, on-campus BSN programs. Becoming a licensed registered nurseOnce you’ve graduated with a BSN, you should be prepared to sit for the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN), which is administered by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN). This is a test of the skills and knowledge gained during an undergraduate education, and whether nurses can effectively and safely apply what they learned in care settings. If you hold a BSN (or ADN) from an accredited nursing program, you’ll likely be eligible to sit for the exam. Other degrees may not meet eligibility criteria, so be sure to check with your state board. The exam consists of a minimum of 75 questions and a maximum of 265 questions that assess four areas of practice:
Test questions may cover a range of topics, including abnormalities in vital signs, mental health concepts, informed consent and health promotion, among many other concepts. Physiological integrity makes up the bulk of the examination, accounting for up to two-thirds of all questions. The NCLEX-RN is administered in-person and electronically. Individuals have up to six hours to complete as much of the examination as they can. If you fail, you must wait 45 days until the next attempt. Nurses get eight attempts per year and there is no maximum lifetime number of attempts, although varying state regulations may apply. It costs $200 to sit for each instance of the NCLEX-RX. As noted, there are alternative pathways to becoming a nurse practitioner. If you are a licensed registered nurse, an accelerated bachelor’s program may be available to you. These degree programs, offered both on-campus and online, typically take two years to complete. Completing a graduate nursing programA graduate degree is necessary to become an NP, as it is a minimum requirement for licensure as an APRN. In 2018, 99.1% of NPs held a graduate degree, according to the AANP. Typically, professionals who want to become a nurse practitioner pursue a Master of Science in Nursing. MSN programs are designed to refine skills and knowledge in areas of undergraduate education, while also expanding expertise in advanced nursing principles, evidence-based practice, statistical procedures, advanced health assessment, health care informatics and health care organizational management. Generally, MSN programs are offered on a part-time or full-time basis and take between two and four years to complete. However, the years required to complete an MSN program depend on the track and NP specialization. For instance, Bradley offers a graduate nursing program that prepares students to become a family nurse practitioner. According to 2018 AANP statistics, more than two-thirds (66.9%) of NPs were certified in family care. Bradley MSN programs are offered on two tracks with differing lengths:
However, the MSN is not the only graduate degree that can be used for licensure as an APRN. The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) is the terminal degree for clinically focused nurses — as opposed to those interested in research, education or academia — and provides students with the skills, knowledge and experience needed to become a nurse practitioner. DNP programs generally take between three and four years to complete. Overall, DNP degree programs build on fundamentals established in an MSN education, like evidence-based practice, principles of advanced nursing practice, leadership in health care and quality improvement. They also broach topics like data management, health policy, nurse advocacy, advanced pharmacology and health care organizational finance. Often, DNP programs have more intensive experiential elements, sometimes requiring multiple internships, practicums or a capstone project. Hundreds of clinical hours must also be amassed. An important factor to consider is that the DNP may eventually become the standard education requirement for becoming an APRN. While a master’s degree is the minimum needed at this time, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), which establishes and implements quality standards for nursing education, made a recommendation that the DNP be considered as a requirement for practice as an APRN. While that shift has not yet been initiated — the AACN most recently updated its recommendation in 2013 — some professionals have pursued a DNP to become a nurse practitioner regardless. The timeline to completion for a DNP, just like with any other degree program, depends on the entry degree and the specialization track. Considering Bradley’s two DNP programs helps illustrate these differences:
Securing national board certificationThe penultimate step to becoming a nurse practitioner is being certified by a national board. Certification is the process by which a non-governmental body attests to a nurse’s ability to meet qualification standards for practice. There are multiple certifications for NPs, as well as multiple certifying boards, which can make the overall process difficult to understand. As identified by the AANP, the most-recognized NP types of certification are (ranked by percentage of current certified NPs):
The major certifying bodies (and the NP specialities they credential) are listed below:
Certification includes continuing education requirements that nurses must satisfy on an ongoing basis to practice as an APRN. Getting registered or licensed by the state you practice inThe final step to becoming a nurse practitioner is registration or licensure for the state in which you will practice. There is wide variance in the conditions for registration or licensure that states may impose on NP practice. Some, for example, may have requirements for completing a supervised or collaborative practice. A related issue to state regulation of nursing is full practice authority. Nurse practitioners, depending on where they live, may have the autonomy to perform their job duties — like interpreting diagnostic tests or prescribing medication — without the supervision of a physician or physician’s assistant. There has been a recent shift in expanding the practice scope of NPs and APRNs, with legislation being passed in increasing numbers that grants full practice authority through a state nursing board. Full practice authority in many cases is being leveraged to bring high-quality care within reach of underserved or rural patient populations. Leaning on NPs to deliver this care, as well as meet the increasing demand for health care amid a nursing shortage, has spurred several states to reconsider their laws on full practice authority. Currently, states that extend full practice authority include Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington and Wyoming. The District of Columbia, Guam and Northern Mariana Islands are also on the list. As for the remainder:
Earn your degree from BradleyThe road to becoming a nurse practitioner may be a multiyear and multistep process, but it can also be rewarding. NPs are depended on to deliver high-quality care, provide leadership, educate patients and their families, and coordinate with other stakeholders as autonomous care professionals. Financially, NPs also stand to earn a higher salary as APRNs. When assessing the steps you need to take to become an NP, depending on where you are in your career, consider Bradley for your graduate education. As mentioned, nurses with a BSN can enter the MSN-FNP or DNP-FNP program, while those with an MSN can enter the DNP leadership track, and those with an ADN, nursing diploma or non-nursing bachelor’s can enter the RN-MSN-FNP program. Another way to prepare for becoming a nurse practitioner is an FNP certificate with an MSN entry, like the type Bradley offers. Overall, there are many education decisions to make on the path to becoming an NP. Choosing the best degree programs for your needs is essential. Bradley’s nursing programs are offered online and allow students to pick their own approved site supervisors. Want to learn more about the MSN-FNP program or another track? Contact an enrollment advisor today. Recommended reading: How the Bradley University online FNP prepares nurses for ANCC and AANP certification exams Earn an Advanced Degree to Pursue a Nurse Practitioner Role Sources: American Association of Nurse Practitioners AANP AANP AANP AANP Bureau of Labor Statistics BLS How long does it take to become a NP in Texas?Post-graduate certificate programs are geared toward candidates who already have a master's in nursing. If you have a BSN only, then the fastest way to become an FNP in Texas is to pursue a master's-level FNP program. Most can be completed in 18 to 24 months of full-time study.
What is the easiest nurse practitioner to become?WHAT ARE THE EASIEST NURSE PRACTITIONER SPECIALTIES TO GET ACCEPTED INTO?. Adult-Gerontology Nurse Practitioner. ... . Pediatric Nurse Practitioner. ... . Family Nurse Practitioner. ... . Occupational Health Nurse Practitioners (OHNP) ... . Aesthetic Nurse Practitioner.. Is becoming a nurse practitioner hard?Nurse Practitioner school is hard because you are building on material that you already know, and you are preparing for the role of the provider. You will have many advanced courses that must be completed to diagnose and treat your patients properly. It is also a whole other level of responsibility.
How many year does it take to become a nurse?Your nursing training
Approved full-time nursing degree courses last for three (or four years if taking a dual-field degree), or longer if taken on a part-time basis. Accelerated courses for graduates take two years.
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