What is an impeller on a washer

Using an automatic washing machine is easier than beating your dirty laundry on a rock, but if you want to get your clothes clean, your machine has to somehow emulate the age-old motion of hand washing. Agitators and impellers are devices that top-loading washers use to move clothes during the wash cycles and, in the process, get rid of dirt and stains.

Agitators

An agitator is a spindle that sticks up in the center of an automatic washing machine's wash drum. The agitator is usually equipped with fins or vanes, and it twists and turns during the machine's wash cycle, moving clothes through the water and, ideally, removing dirt from them. The motion of the agitator varies depending on the selected wash mode, so a delicate wash cycle is gentler than a standard wash cycle. In general, agitators are hard on clothes.

Impellers

An impeller is a low-profile rotating hub that replaces the agitator in some washing machine models. The vanes of the impeller create turbulent currents in the wash water as the impeller rotates. In theory, these currents move the clothes through the water and clean them without the impeller making physical contact with the clothes. The impeller also takes up less space in the center of the drum, making impeller machines easier to load than agitator machines.

Efficiency

Impellers are often found in high-efficiency washing machine models that use less water than traditional models and rotate at higher speeds during spin cycles. The higher spin speeds extract more water from the clothes, so drying times are reduced. The combination of water and energy savings makes these washer models significantly more efficient than traditional models. However, the impeller itself does not add to the machine's efficiency, so unless it incorporates other efficient features, an impeller machine is not necessarily more efficient than an agitator machine.

Performance

Impeller machines are potentially less damaging to clothes, but because of the gentler motion, they may not clean clothes as effectively as agitator machines. Agitators are relatively brutal with clothes, but their twisting and turning tends to remove dirt quickly and completely. Some impeller models are also prone to tangling clothes as the impeller rotates, which can throw the machine out of balance, particularly during the high-speed spin cycle of high-efficiency machines.

If you’re thinking about buying a top load washer, chances are you’re also weighing a traditional top load model with an agitator vs a newer agitator-less model. In this blog, we’ll go over plusses and minuses to each type to help you decide. 

When reading, remember that a washing machine must allow soap to penetrate and clean the clothes by opening the fabric and creating friction among fabrics to wash away soils, stains and smells. Each format results in a different means to do so that affects cleanability, efficiency, water usage and more.

 

Agitator Washers

What is an impeller on a washer

Agitator machines are what most people are used to. The washtub has a column in the center called an agitator. During the wash cycle, the agitator oscillates to create the fabric openings and frictions needed to clean the load. Most agitator designs also include strategically placed fins along the sides to aid in movement.

The agitator design is extremely effective at opening the clothes, creating friction and, as a result, providing a deep clean for a variety of soils. Additionally, most offer deep fill, soak and other options for a more customized and thorough cleaning.

Superior cleaning aside, many customers opt for an agitator top load washer because it’s what they’ve always known and they’re more comfortable with the expectations as a result.

Agitators provide multiple wash motions for a good clean, including:

  • Spraying action - Soaks clothes with water recirculated from the wash/rinse cycle.

  • Wash basket action -Rotates for a hard-hitting clean.

  • Agitator action -Rubs against clothes to help break down stains and loosen soils.

 

Wash Plate/Impeller

What is an impeller on a washer

Despite superior cleaning capability, the agitator design described above has two downsides. First, it can be rougher on the clothing as items are pulled back and forth by the agitator during the cycle. Second, the ability to swish the clothes back and forth requires higher water levels that cover the clothing entirely. 

As a result, brands started experimenting with agitator-less models -- with little success at first. Early versions simply couldn’t provide the right action to clean without a full soak and often tangled garments during the wash cycle. 

But that’s all changed now. Contemporary models use a flat plate along the bottom of the wash tub with fins and water jets that open the clothes and create friction. You’ll often see this flat plate referred to as a wash plate or impeller.

Wash plate/impeller washing is more gentle than agitator washing because nothing is grabbing or pulling your clothes. It also allows for larger capacities as there is no agitator taking up space and restricting the movement of garments in the wash tub. Lastly, wash plate/impeller units use less water per load.

Impellers provide multiple wash motions, including:

  • Spraying action - Soaks clothes with water recirculated from the wash/rinse cycle.

  • Wash basket action - Rotates for a deep clean.

  • Impeller action - Uses low-profile cones, wheels, fins or discs that spin to gently rub clothes against each other.

 

Which is Best?

The answer to this question is based on you and your preferences. If you don’t want a hard working machine that is going to give the deepest clean possible without a lot of bells and whistles, an agitator model is likely best for you.

If you want to use less water and wash more delicate items, an agitator-less model is likely best for you.

It’s also important to remember that both types are optimized to clean best when properly loaded. So, whichever option you choose, make sure you evenly place laundry in the basket and do not overload.

Get the best of both worlds

You don’t have to choose between agitator and impeller washer, with the industry-first washer machines the 2 in 1 Removable Agitator by Whirlpool.

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Whirlpool 2-In-1 Top Load Washer with Removable Agitator

 

How to Shop

GE, LG, Maytag and Whirlpool make both agitator and wash plate/impeller models. Samsung will have an agitator model out soon, but are currently all non-agitator. 

Speed Queen is completely committed to the agitator category. Their 3-model lineup features all agitator top loader machines built with the same commitment to durability and reliability as Speed Queen’s commercial laundry products. 

Is an impeller better than an agitator?

A washing machine with an impeller uses less motion and water than a washer with an agitator. Designed so laundry has more room to move, it drives clothes from the outer rim of the wash basket to the center, using a small amount of water to optimize the friction. This is what helps deliver a gentle, yet thorough clean.

Do impeller washers really work?

Impellers help preserve your fabrics. They avoid rough physical contact with clothes for a gentle clean. There's more room in the wash basket for bulky items like blankets or pillows since there is no tall agitator column in the washer. Impeller washers generally use less water and have high spin speeds.

Do impeller washers take longer to wash?

Longer Wash Time: A top load washer with an impeller generally takes longer to complete a wash cycle than a machine with an agitator, due to the high-speed spin cycles. Can Be Too Gentle: Although impellers tend to cause less damage to clothing, this gentler motion can result in a less effective clean.

Which is better a washer with an agitator or without?

While non-agitator machines will give you trusty clean, they are not as tough on dirt and grime and agitator washers are. If you frequently work outdoors or just get really dirty, a non-agitator machine may not give you the clean you are looking for.