The intertidal zone is an extreme ecosystem because it constantly experiences drastic changes. It is located on marine coastlines, including rocky shores and sandy beaches. The intertidal zone experiences two different states: one at low tide when it is exposed to the air and the other at high tide when it is submerged in seawater. The zone is completely submerged by the tide once or twice every day. This ecosystem is rife with research opportunities for marine researchers like National Geographic grantee Swapnale Gole, who studies the behavior of sea anemones, crustaceans, and fish in the intertidal zones of the Andaman Islands in India. Organisms that live in the intertidal zone tend to form their own communities across the zone’s elevation gradient. Some species live further up the shore and closer to the high tide line, while others live further down the shore, closer the low tide line. Anything living in the intertidal zone must be able to survive changes in moisture, temperature, and salinity and withstand strong waves. Intertidal zones of rocky shorelines host sea stars, snails, seaweed, algae, and crabs. Barnacles, mussels, and kelps can survive in this environment by anchoring themselves to the rocks. Barnacles and mussels can also hold seawater in their closed shells to keep from drying out during low tide. Intertidal zones richer in sediments are filled with different species of clams, sand dollars, and worms. At rocky shorelines, tide pools can form in holes, cracks, or crevices where seawater collects as the tide goes out. Organisms that cannot normally survive low tide conditions, like sea stars, shrimp, or fish, can take refuge in these pools. Sandy shores provide sediments in which organisms bury themselves to stay cool and moist during low tide. Where a species lives within the intertidal zone depends on its tolerance of underwater and above-water conditions. The presence of predators and species that compete for the same space and food also impact where an organism will be found. The intertidal zone can be further divided into three zones: high tide, middle tide, and low tide. The high tide zone is only submerged at high tide and is hotter and drier as a result. The middle tide zone is submerged and exposed for equal amounts of time. The low tide zone is only exposed during low tide and has the greatest biodiversity of the three zones because it provides more favorable conditions for those organisms that cannot tolerate air exposure for long. While conditions in the intertidal zone can be extreme, it is home to many living things and is also an important feeding spot for both resident and migrating birds. This ecosystem also provides protection against erosion and keeps storm waves from reaching buildings along the shore. Animal Behaviors Quiz 1************************* The nervous and endocrine systems have the least influence on behavior. False Many animals, like mice, _____ when they sense danger. freeze The _____ theory is an evolutionary concept that suggests that behaviors that help an organism survive are passed on while weak behaviors are lost. optimality The type of learning that involves problem-solving is called _____. insightful learning A rabbit is an example of a ______while a hyena is an example of a __________ . herbivore Some animals can strategize, assess their environment, and cooperate with others to obtain food. True Clownfish live in sea anemones, which protect the fish from predators. The sea anemone isn't harmed and doesn't benefit from this relationship. This is called _____. phoresy The study of animals' structures, behaviors, functions, and evolution is called _____. zoology _____ believed that as animals became more complex, so did their emotions. George Romanes An example of _____ is geese flying south for the winter. migration _____ is a behavior in mating in which one male breeds with a female for a certain period of time and then finds a different mate the following mating season. Serial monogamy Kisha adopted an abused dog that cringed every time she raised her hand to pet it. After a while, the dog no longer cringed. This is an example of _____. habituation Mutations can affect behavior. True An example of cats communicating with their environment is that most of the time, cats will _____ if they are enjoying something. ethologist In the parisitic relationship between a tick and a dog, the tick is the_________ and the dog is the _________ . parasite;host The main reason that a flock of geese might fly together in V formation in order to avoid capture. False "The major driving forces of behavior are learning and rewards." comparative behaviorist Animals wrestling is a way of learning called _____. * playing or social learning Pavlov's experiment was a typical case of classical conditioning because _____. an instinctive behavior was tied to a different stimulus THE STUDY OF ECOLOGY************************** REDO THIS BEFORE POSTING Match the following terms and definitions........................ ... 1. K-selected species that are adapted to live in equilibrium at carrying capacity 2. logistic growth population growth that reaches equilibrium and carrying capacity 3. mortality death rate 4. natality birth rate 5. population a group of interacting individuals of the same species within the same geographic area Match the following terms and definitions........................ ... 6. population density the number of organisms living in a particular area 1. abiotic nonliving 2. biotic living 3. carrying capacity the total number of organisms that an ecosystem can handle 4. community the interacting populations within a geographic area 5. ecology the knowledge or life science that studies how living things depend on each other and their environment 6. exponential growth population growth based on the reproduction capability of individuals, despite available resources Ecology is made up of _____. many sciences Ecology is the study of the differences between plants and animals in their environment. False What is a population? a group of organisms of the same kind or species There are 20 mice in a 5 m2 field ecosystem. The population density of mice is _____. 4 per m2 Select all that apply. population
density Carrying capacity is _____. the number of organisms an ecosystem can support As population density __________, competition increases. increases Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an
ecosystem? sunlight Which of the following is a geographical limit? mountains Bacteria would be considered a(n) _____________ species r-selected ORGANISMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT************* ... Match the following terms and definitions........................ ... food web a diagram that shows the connections among food chains in an ecosystem habitat a place where an organism naturally lives or grows omnivore an animal that eats both plants and animals primary consumer organisms that eat producers producer any green plant that traps the Sun's rays and converts them to chemical energy secondary consumer organisms that eat primary consumers Match the following terms and definitions........................ ... biome major ecological grouping of plants and animals decomposers bacteria and fungi that break down dead matter dynamic equilibrium a state of change in which the end result is equal or balanced ecosystem the basic relationships that show how a community of plants, animals, and bacteria live and grow and how these living things are dependent on each other as well as the Sun, soil, and other nonliving parts of their environment; a cycle of relationships food chain line of plants and animals that shows the order in which organisms are eaten environmental factor a condition or conditions of the nonliving surroundings, such as light, temperature, water, and so on
The building blocks of a habitat consist of _____ factors. environmental A habitat is best described as _____. the place where organisms live A group of habitats makes up a _____. community Which of the following statements about the Australian koala is true? Its habitat can vary somewhat if it is supplied with eucalyptus. Which statement represents the correct association of organisms and their habitat? Some plants and animals are restricted to a particular habitat. All forms of life on earth are linked together in relationships involving _____. food Consider the following food chain. secondary consumer Bears will eat just about anything: berries, fungi, salmon, insects, and much more. Bears are _____. omnivores Which answer best indicates the dynamic balance of an ecosystem? number of plants vs. number of animals Natural catastrophes can upset the balance of an ecosystem. True Select all that apply. purchase organic foods ECOSYSTEMS AND BIOMES ********************** Match the following terms and definitions....................... ... 1. abiotic nonliving 2. biome major ecological grouping of plants and animals 3. biotic living 4. community the interacting populations within a geographic area 5. ecosystem the basic relationships that show how a community of plants, animals, and bacteria live and grow and how these living things are dependent on each other as well as the Sun, soil, and other nonliving parts of their environment; a cycle of relationships 6. ecological niche the role or position of an organism in an ecosystem Match the following terms and definitions........................ ... 1. fauna all the animal life of a region 2. flora all the plant life of a region 3. habitat a place where an organism naturally lives or grows 4. population a group of interacting individuals of the same species within the same geographic area In a forest ecosystem, a robin and a squirrel live in the same tree. The two organisms _____. share the same habitat Select all that apply. can be small can be small Which of the following is not one of the major principles of ecology? The ecosystem will break down if energy and matter are not constantly supplied or recycled. Ecological systems and interactions are best understood by a thorough knowledge of the living and nonliving environments. Living things affect other living things. Ecological systems often remain in balance if only one factor is altered. Ecological systems often remain in balance if only one factor is altered. Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem? plants Animals that are members of different species and share a habitat peacefully _______. likely have the same ecological niche Select all that apply. population density temperature Which of the following statements is true? The main factors determining biome conditions are wind and soil type. A niche is the
role an organism has in an ecosystem. Biomes generally follow man-made boundaries, like country borders. A niche is the role an organism has in an ecosystem. Match each biome with the correct description............. ... 1. desert driest biome 2. coniferous forest largest biome 3. rainforest most species diversity 4. tundra least species diversity 5. temperate deciduous forest four seasons 6. grasslands used to grow crops Which of the following statements is true? All the populations in an ecosystem form the community. A habitat represents all the biotic factors in an ecosystem. The amount of nutrients in soil is an example of a biotic factor. Only one population can live in a habitat at a time. All the populations in an ecosystem form the community. HUMAN INTERACTION *************************** Match the following terms and definitions........................ ... 1. biodegradable any substance that can be decomposed by bacterial action 2. geothermal heat energy coming from inside the Earth; heat from volcanoes or geysers 3. pollution the act of contamination; making dirty or unclean Most "disposable" products _____. are a source of long-term pollution Select
all that apply. chemical spills chemical spills Smog may involve a variety of pollutants. True Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide has been linked to _________ global temperatures. increasing Select all that apply. mining mining A recommended partial solution to some forms of pollution is increased recycling. True Any substance that can be decomposed by bacterial action is biodegradable. True Select all that apply. purchase products made from recycled materials purchase products made from recycled materials Humans are capable of surviving without using energy resources. False Select all that apply. lack of energy resources rapid fuel use Conservation of energy can help reduce global pollution. True The greatest obstacle to developing solar energy is _____. lack of mechanisms for storing solar energy Recycling of garbage, solid wastes, and certain crops for generating energy has been accomplished already. True Large industrial use of wind energy _____. is restricted to localized areas of consistent wind Select all that apply. emits
minimal atmospheric pollution emits minimal atmospheric pollution A geyser is an example of geothermal power. True ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS QUIZ 2*************** REDO THIS SECTION BEFORE POSTING******* R-selected species often experience _________ growth in population, giving a(n) _________curve on a graph. logistic ; S-shaped Select all that apply. hydroelectric
power oil An ecological niche is an organism's specific _____ in an ecosystem. job A habitat that has lots of light and water, a high elevation, low temperatures, and a low level of oxygen is most likely a _____. high mountain In your household, there is you, a cat, and a dog. How many populations are there? 3 A biome is a large group of plants and animals living together in a specific _____. climate Which type of pollution is believed to have the most impact on an ecosystem? chemical spills Why are nutrients from fertilizer harmful to aquatic ecosystems? The increase in algae population reduces oxygen in the water. In a 10 m2 ecosystem, there are 20 raccoons. The population density of raccoons is _____. 2 per m2 Unnatural occurrences can have the most significant impact on an ecosystem. True ___________ ecology focuses on how human activities affect an ecosystem and ways to mitigate resulting issues. Population Select all that apply. competition competition The _____ biome is the driest. Common floras are cacti, and faunas are snakes and lizards. desert In a balanced ecosystem, the number of __________ is far greater than the number of ____________ . producers ; consumers The word ecology is made up of two Greek words, oikos and logia, and means "_____." house knowledge Energy moves through the plants and animals in an ecosystem by way of_________________________ . food chain If an ecologist knows the types of plants in an area, he can make a good guess as to the type of biome and the type of fauna that live there. True What is the growth rate? 14 Growth rate depends on the type of species living in an area. If the species is r-selected, the growth rate would _____. maintain equilibrium
Which of the following statements is true? Parts of an ecosystem only include biotic factors such as plants and animals. If a common plant in an ecosystem becomes diseased, the ecosystem may become unbalanced. Abiotic factors include decomposers such as fungi and bacteria. Tundras have a high diversity of species. Abiotic factors include decomposers such as fungi and bacteria. BIOTECHNOLOGY******************************** Match the following terms and definitions....................... ... 1 .biotechnology science and engineering techniques used to manipulate living cells to produce useful products 2. cloning a method of genetic engineering that makes a copy of a living organism or its parts 3. DNA profiling identification of individuals based on their DNA profile 4. genetic engineering any artificial change made to the genetic composition of an organism 5. green revolution a phrase used to describe programs involving the breeding of new high-yield varieties of food crops to increase world food production 6. Human Genome Project a worldwide scientific project that deciphered the DNA code of all the human chromosomes of the body Match the following terms and definitions........................ ...
1. hybridization cross-breeding; a method that unionizes gametes of differing genes to create a new individual 2. recombinant DNA cultured DNA molecules from different biological sources 3. selective breeding a process of breeding organisms because of their specific traits Turkins, a cross between a chicken and a turkey, are raised on some farms in Wyoming. This is an example of _____. hybridization What is the oldest form of biotechnology? selective breeding During hybridization, _____. two organisms with desired traits are bred together Technology based on biology is called _____. biological engineering __________________biotechnology involves the manipulation of genes. molecular Which of the following statements is true? Cloning creates genetically identical offspring. Recombinant DNA injects genes from bacteria into an organism. Dog and horse breeds are the result of years of recombinant DNA breeding. Selective breeding can be used to create pesticides and cancer drugs. Cloning creates genetically identical offspring. Cloning _____. removes the nucleus from an egg cell and replaces it with the nucleus from another organism Select all that apply. new vaccines As a result of advances in biotechnology, ________ may become a thing of the past disease What did the Human Genome Project produce? a genetic map of the 23 human chromosomes Ethical concerns about the development and use of biotechnology include all of the following except________. concerns about the development of new weapons THE FUTURE OF BIOLOGY QUIZ 3******************* ... The first animal cloned by nuclear transfer was a _____ named Dolly. sheep Which of the following statements is true? Joints can now be replaced with new, healthy tissue by harvesting cartilage. Scientists have given up on treatments for cancer, malaria, and HIV/AIDS. Many countries are still working together to sequence and map all the genes in the human body. Joints can now be replaced with new, healthy tissue by harvesting cartilage The most controversial technique of genetic engineering is _____. cloning Classical biotechnology dates back about _____ years ago. 10,000 Scientists are able to create specially designed bacteria that decompose toxic waste. True Select all that apply. selective breeding selective breeding In _____, the desired genes from one organism are combined with genes of another organism, resulting in a new combination of genes. recombinant DNA Instead of manipulating organisms, ________ manipulates their genes. genetic engineerng Police matched the DNA from a strand of hair taken at the scene to catch the burglar. They used _____. DNA profiling A dog called the Maltese doesn't shed. This type of dog most likely came about through _____. hybridization New genetic strains of crops have been developed, yielding significantly higher amounts. The use of high-yield hybrid crops is called _____. the green revolution A common use of genetic engineering is to create a super genius. False What is an ethical concern regarding genetic engineering? privacy of genetically tested individuals all of the above Genetic engineering has already been used to increase plant production. True The _____ has approved genetically engineered medical treatments. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT UNIT 11 TEST***** 88.8% Which of the following statements is true? Natural energy resources are nonrenewable and are being depleted. Natural energy resources are nonrenewable and are being depleted. Select all that apply. carnivores carnivores Select all that apply. mutualism Sperm whales, a(n) __________ species, maintain their populations close to carrying capacity. K-selected The number of organisms that the environment in an ecosystem can handle is called its _____. carrying capacity What are some solutions to help with pollution? walk instead of drive all of the above Advanced X-ray machines like the HRCT are part of a success in _____. biotechnology While painting, Jenny watched Joey place his hands in the blue paint and rub it on his face. Afterwards, Jenny did the same with red paint. Jenny displayed _____. social learning Animals that mimic poisonous or dangerous animals use a defense called __________ mimicry. Batesian Match the following terms and definitions...................... ... 1. community a group of interacting individuals of the same species within the same geographic area 2. biome the biotic part of an ecosystem made of all the populations 3. habitat
a place where an organism naturally lives or grows 4. population major ecological grouping of plants and animals If a new housing development goes up, the original ecosystem can repair itself. False In a 10 m2 ecosystem, there are 40 possums. What is the population density of possums? 4 per m2 Animals behave in order to satisfy _________ needs physiological Natural pollution includes _____. falling leaves Water pollution can be caused by lawn fertilizer and pesticides. True Select all that apply. light light Select all that apply. selective breeding recombinant DNA Joe denied being the father of Lisa. Lisa's mom took Joe to court to prove he is Lisa's biological father. The way to prove this would be by _____. DNA profiling The growth of organisms in a beach ecosystem can be limited by the ocean and rocks. True Match the following terms and definitions....................... ... 1. cloning method of genetic engineering that makes a copy of a living organism or its parts 2. hybridization method that unionizes gametes from differing genes to create a new individual 3. recombinant DNA cultured DNA molecules from different biological sources 4. selective breeding a process of breeding organisms because of their specific traits
During mating season, male sheep produce hormones that make them aggressive. This is an _____ effect. activational A rainforest is an example of a _____. biome Worker bees don't get a chance to reproduce. Instead, they take care of their honeybee colony. They are a good example of animals exhibiting _____. altruism _________ show all the eating patterns in an ecosystem. Food web The Human Genome Project (HGP) enables researchers to pinpoint disease-causing genes and possibly prevent or treat them. True Which of the following can upset the balance of an ecosystem? too much water all of the above Which of the following statements is true? Ethologists believe that animal behavior is based on the environment. Comparative behaviorists believe that animal behavior is based on instinct. Today, most scientists believe that both nature and nurture are important in animal behavior. Pavlov's dog experiment proved the nurturing concept over the nature concept in animal behavior. Today, most scientists believe that both nature and nurture are important in animal behavior. A pigeon was shocked every time it landed on the telephone wire. After a few times of this, the pigeon learned not to land on the wire. It learned this by _____. habituation The optimality theory suggests that _____. beneficial behaviors are passed on for generations Ecology that focuses on dynamic changes occurring in one species is _____ ecology. population |
In a beach ecosystem what can limit growth of organisms
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