Crest 3d white strips vivid white before and after pictures

Teeth whitening strips (Crest Whitestrips®)

– What are they? How are they used? | What kind of whitener (bleaching agent) do they contain? At what concentration? | What additional ingredients are included in their whitener’s formulation? | How effective are whitening strips?

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Teeth whitening strips – What are they?

Whitening strips are a type of at-home teeth bleaching product. They were first introduced in 2000 by Proctor & Gamble under the brand name Crest Whitestrips®. Since then, multiple companies have developed their own similar, essentially equivalent, products.

a) What’s the main advantage of using whitening strips?

The primary selling point of this method is that it provides a way for a person to perform comparatively effective whitening treatments, at home and on their own, without having to use bleaching trays.

(Compared to the convenience, ease, and simplicity of using whitening strips, the process of performing tray bleaching treatments is generally considered to be a messier, more inconvenient, and more noticeable when worn process.)

b) What are the advantages of a “strip” design?

• The flexible nature of a strip readily conforms to the shape and alignment of your teeth. And that means it won’t cause mechanical irritation to soft tissues like bleaching trays can.
• Because only one side of the strip is coated with the bleaching agent, it acts as a barrier that helps to both prevent the dilution of the whitener and minimize its contact with opposing soft tissues.

  This helps to increase effectiveness and decrease the user’s potential for side effects.

• Since the whitener is applied by the manufacturer (and not the end-user), the dosing you receive is very controlled and consistent.

  This helps to ensure predictable whitening results. And aids with product safety and reduces your potential for side effects by way of minimizing the quantity of whitener that’s used during each treatment.

• As compared to all other (reasonably effective) at-home methods, this is probably the simplest, least-messy way to whiten your teeth.

▲ Section references – Gerlach

c) What are whitening strips made out of?

The strips themselves are clear, thin, flexible pieces of plastic (polyethylene) that have been uniformly coated on one side with a thin film that contains hydrogen peroxide (of varying concentration depending on the product, see list below).

The film, whose thickness with some strip designs is as little as 0.2 mm (1/130th of an inch), acts as both the bleaching agent and the adhesive for the strip.

▲ Section references – Gerlach, Crest

Whitestrips are made out of thin clear flexible plastic.

The whitener is on the side that faces the strip’s stiff plastic carrier.

d) What type of whitener is used? / What’s its concentration?

• Most strip products (including Crest Whitestrips®) are coated with a hydrogen peroxide-based whitener.
• Nowadays, the usual “entry-level” strip product is coated with a 10% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) agent.
• Overall, the Whitestrips® brand offers products whose whitener ranges from around 6% up to 14% H2O2 (see table below).

Trends in whitener concentration and application times have changed.

In years past, “introductory” products featured strips coated with a 6% hydrogen peroxide whitener (for example Whitestrips® Classic). And their instructions typically called for performing 30-minute treatments twice per day.

Nowadays, entry-level products tend to be coated with a 10% H2O2 concentration whitener (Crest Whitestrips® Vivid and Advanced Vivid). The difference is that these more potent products are only used for 30-minute treatments once a day.

Crest Whitestrips Supreme is formulated with the highest concentration whitener.

Whitestrips® whitener concentrations.

The table below shows what we believe are the hydrogen peroxide concentrations found in the whitener formulations of various members of the Whitestrips® product line.

We’ve collected this information from research papers, retailer/distributor information, and Crest® publications we’ve seen over the years. We can’t be certain that it is (or still is) correct but presume that the values shown are accurate.

Comparison of the hydrogen peroxide concentration of Whitestrips®.

Whitener “load.”

The peroxide concentration of a strip’s whitener really only tells half of the story. That’s because the total amount of gel that’s placed on each strip (its thickness) will also be a factor in calculating the total amount of peroxide that your teeth are exposed to.

This total is important because teeth bleaching is a direct cause and effect equation.

Greater peroxide exposure = Greater, more rapid whitening effect.

(To the extent of the tooth’s ability to be lightened.)

The paradox.

That means it’s possible for a strip that has a lower-concentration bleaching agent to deliver a greater dosing of peroxide if it has a thicker layer of whitener.

The inherent uncertainty.

That conundrum means that it’s essentially impossible for anyone who doesn’t share in a manufacturer’s proprietary product details (which includes pretty much all of us) to be able to estimate with certainty the potential effectiveness of different brands of strips, or even the individual members of a single brand’s product line.

That’s because without this basic information (whitener thickness and peroxide concentration) it’s not possible to actually calculate the total “load” of the active ingredient the strip contains and therefore your teeth are exposed to.

e) How does the whitener work?

While not entirely the whole story, it can be said that whitening-strip science generally involves a process where the hydrogen peroxide component of the whitener permeates into the tooth’s hard tissues (enamel and dentin).

Once inside these tissues, the peroxide ultimately breaks down into very reactive molecules referred to as “free radicals.” These agents in turn break down the molecules found within the tooth’s tissues that have caused its discoloration (they are referred to as “chromophore molecules”).

The appearance of the tooth lightens up because the breakdown products formed are comparatively colorless.

▲ Section references – Kwon

One pair of Crest Whitestrips (upper/lower, the lower strip is the shorter one) as they come on their carrier.

Thin-film chemistry.

The thing that’s unique about whitening strips is that this method utilizes the normal process of peroxide teeth whitening but applies this science in the form of “thin-film” chemistry.

This simply means that the process of tooth bleaching doesn’t require that the teeth are immersed in a large quantity of the active ingredient (hydrogen peroxide in the case of strips). But instead just enough to cover over their surface.

An advantage of using strips.

Whitening-strip technique takes this concept of thin-film chemistry to an extreme.

The coating of whitener applied may be as little as 0.2 millimeters in thickness (the thickness of a piece of paper is usually around 0.1 millimeter). (The exact thickness placed varies from product to product.)

But due to the use of this thin-film approach, the total amount of peroxide that the user is exposed to per application (whitening session) can be up to 1/2 to 1/5th as much as with tray-based technique.

▲ Section references – Gerlach

What additional ingredients are found in Whitestrips®?

As you might guess, beyond just hydrogen peroxide (the whitener’s active ingredient), a whitening strip’s gel coating contains a number of additional ingredients that are used to enhance its characteristics. Some of them serve multiple functions.

Thickeners and agents that aid in strip adhesion.

This category seems to include most of a strip’s added ingredients: Glycerin, Carbomer, Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), PEG, Acrylates Copolymer.

Moisturizing agents.

Water, PEG, and Glycerin are included in the gel’s formulation to help keep the user’s teeth properly hydrated during the bleaching process.

Taste modifiers.

Sodium Saccharin (an artificial sweetener).

pH balancer.

Sodium Hydroxide.

Additional things to know about whitening strips.

a) How are they used?

In a nutshell, a strip is positioned over your teeth and then gently pressed into place. At the end of your session, the strip is simply peeled off and discarded.

(Instructions for using Crest Whitestrips® products.)

Many Whitestrips products are worn for 30 minutes. Check the instructions that come with your product to be sure.

How long are the strips worn?

As mentioned above, historically strips (like Crest Whitestrips® Classic) were worn 30 minutes a day, twice a day. The trend with newer products is once-a-day use, typically for 30 minutes.

Directions about application times, how many days strips should be worn, and how many kits may be used all vary with different products (primarily based on its whitener’s peroxide concentration). These manufacturer recommendations should be adhered to for best results and to avoid side effects and complications.

(We discuss application times for Crest Whitestrips® products on this page.)

It’s OK to quit early.

Of course, if a person has already achieved the whitening results they desire before they’ve used the entire contents of their box of strips, or if the side effects they experience become significant, treatments may (and should) be terminated at any time.

(Here are details about how to manage side effects by adjusting your treatment sessions.)

b) How effective is using whitening strips?

There’s no question that this technique can make a good initial choice. And for most users, it will produce the whitening results they seek.

• Studies suggest that choosing strips is more effective than using a brush-on whitener (whitening pen) or whitening toothpaste.
• And under certain conditions, strips can give results equal to those obtained via the use of an at-home tray-based system (10% carbamide peroxide). But when both are used with a protocol that maximizes their effectiveness, using a tray system seems to hold the advantage.

Below on this page, we cite findings from research studies to back up the above statements Jump to section.

c) How long will the whitening effects achieved by using strips last?

It’s normal and expected that the lightening effect produced by any and all types of teeth-whitening methods, including whitening strips, will fade over time. So, after performing your treatments, some level of touch-up treatment will be needed at some point down the road.

We discuss what you can expect on our “Whitening strips / Touch-up treatments” page.

d) Are there any disadvantages associated with using whitening strips?

Well, yes, in the sense that there is a list of issues that you should read through before you make your final decision about using this method, just to make sure it makes a good fit for you. But for the vast majority of people, these issues View List are of minor concern and if using this technique appeals to you it typically makes a very reasonable choice.

What does dental research report about the effectiveness of using whitening strips?

The most studied brand is Crest WhiteStrips®.

Since they were first introduced as the original strips-based whitening product (around two decades ago), Crest WhiteStrips® has always been the market leader in this field. And as such, this is the brand that most researchers have evaluated when investigating the effectiveness of whitening strips technique.

For this reason, that’s why it’s the predominant (and really only) brand mentioned on this page.

How do other brands compare?

It would be impossible to state with any certainty that the level of effectiveness documented for one brand holds true for others.

But in broad terms, we feel comfortable enough in suggesting that the findings reported about WhiteStrips® should generally hold true for equivalent products too. (Meaning similarly designed strips that have a similar hydrogen peroxide concentration whitener made by reputable manufacturers.)

A standard “introductory” Whitestrips® product.

Some of the original WhiteStrips® products studied have been replaced with newer versions.

Much of the original research that documented the effectiveness of using strips dates back to a time when the basic (introductory) WhiteStrips® product was a 6% hydrogen peroxide one, used twice a day, 30 minutes each application, for 14 days. At this point in time, we’re 4under the impression that this specific product is no longer offered.

The current equivalent.

We’d suggest that Crest’s® Classic Vivid (10% hydrogen peroxide, one 30-minute application a day, for 10 days) seems to be one of their current “introductory” products. And as such, it could be considered to be an equivalent stand-in (just as effective, if not more so) for the strips treatments discussed in the studies below.

So, what level of effectiveness does research show for whitening strips?

As you read through the study findings we discuss below, it should be easy enough to notice that they suggest the following points.

a) Whitening strips vs. tray-based systems.

When similar treatment time periods are involved, the use of an “introductory” kit of whitening strips can be expected to produce results similar to those created by an “introductory” at-home tray-based system (10% carbamide peroxide whitener).

Although, when each is used for maximum effect (8 hours of treatment daily for trays vs. 1 hour for strips), a tray-based system can be expected to create a larger whitening effect.

b) Strips vs. other at-home methods.

As compared to using paint-on whiteners (whitening pens) or whitening toothpaste, using strips can be expected to produce noticeably better results.

c) In-office bleaching vs. whitening strips.

The in-office bleaching techniques that your dentist has to offer, especially when multiple treatments are involved, can be expected to produce a greater whitening effect than just using an introductory kit of strips.

FYI: For a person in the know about whitening teeth (like your dentist or dental hygienist), we can’t imagine that any of the statements above would be considered controversial.

Rules of thumb about choosing whitening strips as a bleaching method.

Based on the above conclusions, which are supported by the research studies discussed below, it’s easy enough to suggest that in regard to effectiveness:

Using whitening strips usually makes a good choice.

a) Teeth whitening strips usually make a good initial (introductory) choice.

People who use whitening strips should find that they produce at least some noticeable level of results. And for a very large percentage of cases, the full effect that was sought.

Note: This page only addresses the issue of whitening-strip effectiveness. If you’re looking for information about what type of tooth discoloration can usually be successfully treated via teeth bleaching methods in general, use this page: Types of tooth staining and their treatment solutions.

b) Using strips is probably the most convenient of the more-effective at-home whitening methods.

Tray-whitening technique is generally considered to be the unofficial standard for at-home teeth bleaching, and the method to which all others are compared. And in terms of effectiveness, when optimal (extended) treatment periods are used, this method seems to hold an advantage over using strips.

But in light of how easy they are to use and the short application times they require, the trade-off of possibly being a less effective vs. a more convenient method may be an easy compromise for many people to make.

c) If using strips hasn’t proven to be as effective as you had hoped …

There’s no way to know precisely what level of results any teeth-bleaching method will create for any one individual. There are simply too many variables involved (such as type of tooth staining, user compliance with directions, etc…).

So, if after trying a whitening-strips approach you feel that you haven’t achieved the level of results that you’re seeking, you should discuss matters with your dentist. In light of your recent bleaching experiences:

• The possibility of extending your whitening strips treatment might be considered.
• They might suggest that a tray-based system should be used. This often makes the best next step with comparatively more difficult to treat cases.
• In-office (professional) whitening might be suggested if quicker results, or an inability to find time for treatments, are overriding issues.

Research studies that have investigated the effectiveness of using whitening strips.

This section discusses the findings of individual research studies on which we’ve based our statements above.

A teeth whitening strip.

Hanning (2007)

Study parameters –

This investigation compared the use of WhiteStrips® (6% hydrogen peroxide, twice daily, 30 minutes each application, 2 weeks duration) to a tray-based system (10% carbamide peroxide, one daily application, 60 minutes, 2 weeks duration).

Study findings –

The authors determined that “both WS (WhiteStrips®) and VS (the tray method) demonstrated significant and comparable levels of tooth color improvement after 2 weeks.”

Our take –

A more common period for bleaching tray wear is 2 hours or longer, once a day. But yes, when used for the same, more limited time period that’s associated with wearing strips, both introductory-level methods were found to produce similar results.

▲ Section references – Hanning

Ferrari (2007)

Study parameters –

This study compared using whitening strips (6% hydrogen peroxide) versus a tray-based system (10% carbamide peroxide) under head-to-head testing conditions (twice daily applications, 30 minutes each, for 2 weeks).

Study findings –

The researchers determined that using strips under these conditions was more effective than trays.

They stated that the whitening strip treatments “yielded (a) significant reduction in yellowness compared to the custom tray, at both end-of-treatment and posttreatment monitoring” (measurements taken 1 month following treatment completion).

Our take –

So once again, when used for similar daily durations, strips were found to produce at least an equivalent (actually better in this case) level of results as compared to a tray-based system.

▲ Section references – Ferrari

Gerlach (2000)

Study parameters –

This investigation evaluated the level of results achieved using an early version of WhiteStrips® (just 5.3% hydrogen peroxide, 1 hour per day, 14 days) versus tray-whitening systems utilizing 10%, 15%, and 20% carbamide peroxide whitener (2 hours per day, 14 days).

Note: The cumulative exposure time to the whitener via trays was twice as long as for strips (28 vs. 14 hours).

Study findings –

The strips treatment created whitening results on-par with the 10% tray system, and within 80% of the levels measured for the 15% tray whitener.

Our take –

Just as with the other two studies, this one showed that the effectiveness of “introductory” strips and tray-based systems (10% carbamide peroxide) can be considered fairly equivalent. (Although less treatment time was needed for the strips.)

And it’s pretty impressive that the strips came close to doing as well as the 15% tray system, once again, especially considering its reduced treatment time.

▲ Section references – Gerlach

This next group of studies investigated the effectiveness of using strips versus other whitening methods (both at-home and in-office).

Bizhang (2009)

Study parameters –

This study compared the level of results achieved using whitening strips (6% hydrogen peroxide, twice
a day, 30 minutes each application, for two weeks), a tray-whitening system (10% carbamide peroxide, overnight (8hr) applications, for 14 nights) and having in-office teeth bleaching treatments (15% hydrogen peroxide, 45-minute applications, 1 per week X 3 weeks).

Study findings –

The authors concluded that the use of the at-home tray and in-office systems “revealed a bleaching effect superior to WhiteStrips®.”

Our take –

Different than any of the studies discussed above, this one utilized tray-whitening protocol in its most effective form (around 8 hours of treatment time daily) and determined that tray whitening was more effective than using strips. Considering the difference in whitener exposure (8 hours vs. just 1 hour daily), we doubt that any dentist would be surprised by these findings.

In practice, one would simply need to decide what’s more important to them. Using a more convenient and reasonably effective strips method (that under dentist supervision could involve the use of extended treatments so to improve the level of results). Or the more effective, although more demanding, tray-system regimen.

In regard to the superior results achieved via performing three in-office treatments, we’re not so sure how fair comparing the two methods really is. Just the cost difference between these two whitening protocols alone (something on the order of $50 vs. many hundreds of dollars) implies what a lopsided comparison this is.

▲ Section references – Bizhang

Yudhira (2007)

Study parameters –

This study evaluated the use of WhiteStrips® (6% hydrogen peroxide, twice daily, 30 minutes each application, 2 weeks duration) to whitening toothpaste (twice or more daily use over a 3-month time frame). Two different kinds of toothpaste were tested.

Study findings –

It was concluded that “whitening strips yielded superior whitening initially and over time compared to either of the whitening dentifrices.”

Our take –

Few dentists would be surprised by these findings, given the generally ineffective reputation of whitening toothpaste in accomplishing anything other than assisting in the removal of surface stain from teeth.

▲ Section references – Yudhira

Xu (2007)

Study parameters –

This study evaluated the use of WhiteStrips® to a brush-on (paint-on) whitener.

Study findings –

It was determined that “7 days use of a 6% hydrogen peroxide strip-based bleaching system provided superior and meaningful whitening compared to 14-day use of a 5.9% hydrogen peroxide” (brush-on product).

Our take –

This study is a testament to the benefit of the “barrier” effect created by strips technique. It showed that when using a similar concentration whitener, strips (due to their design) produced better results and in just one-half of the amount of treatment time.

▲ Section references – Xu

General disadvantages of using teeth whitening strips.

A) They can’t be used to whiten side or back teeth.

Whitening strips don’t always whiten all of your teeth that show.

One disadvantage of using strips as a bleaching method is that they can only be used to treat your front teeth.

This issue isn’t likely a problem for most people. But for those who have a really broad smile, the fact that their front teeth have been whitened and their back ones have not may create a color mismatch that is obvious.

(This issue is not a concern with tray whitening technique.)

What can you expect?

Most people will find that their whitening strips reach at least from eyetooth to eyetooth. But how much further beyond, and how much further beyond would be ideal, will vary.

Some strips are designed with this problem in mind. For example, Crest Whitestrips® Professional Effects has a longer strip for lower teeth. Competing brands frequently mention a longer length as one of their selling points.

B) Crooked teeth may not whiten uniformly.

To be effective, a whitening strip must lie in contact with a tooth’s surface. And in the case where your teeth have an especially irregular alignment (a prominent tooth or two, rotated teeth, etc…), it may not be possible to create the needed tooth-to-strip contact for each one.

If not, individual teeth or tooth portions will have a different level of exposure to the strip’s whitener, which can result in uneven whitening.

C) Handling whitening strips can be difficult.

A general disadvantage of performing whitening treatments using strips is that they can be tedious to deal with.

• Strips are sticky and relatively flimsy and therefore can be difficult to manipulate and easy to spoil.
• When applying them, you must touch them. This may cause skin irritation. Or you may inadvertently transfer whitener to other objects, which may mar or damage them.

• During treatments, strips need to be monitored to make sure that they’re still in place. (Although, with the newer, more adherent styles of strips this has become less of an issue.)

As compared to tray whitening technique …

Some people consider using whitening strips to be more of a struggle than using bleaching trays.

When quizzing 24 subjects, a study by Da Costa found that more than 3/4ths preferred tray whitening to the use of whitening strips.

▲ Section references – Da Costa

Different strips have different characteristics.

It’s both a strip’s shape and the tackiness of its whitener that helps to hold it in place.

And the specific strip design and whitener formulation used with different products do vary. And this can make some easier to wear than others.

If you’ve used strips in the past (especially in the distant past) and had difficulties, the general trend nowadays (with newer versions of products) seems to be the use of a much tackier, more adhesive-like, whitener (see link above). So, you may find trying again may be a better experience.

D) Other at-home approaches may be more effective.

As discussed above on this page, published research has found whitening strips to be a very effective at-home whitening method. But we would anticipate that most dentists would consider tray whitening to have a slight edge on this issue. But when you factor in convenience, strips frequently make an attractive choice.

E) The whitening effect will fade.

This point isn’t a disadvantage that’s unique to just strips. The whitening effect created by any and all bleaching methods will tend to fade over time.

This is usually more of an inconvenience than a big problem. We discuss touch-up frequencies and options that are common with whitening strips here.

F) There’s no professional supervision.

Once again, this isn’t a criticism that’s unique to just whitening strips. All over-the-counter systems suffer from the disadvantage that the user’s dentist frequently isn’t consulted about their bleaching activities.

But just because you can perform treatments entirely on your own doesn’t mean that you have to or should. It’s always the right choice to discuss your whitening plans with your dentist. And ideally, before you begin. Their knowledge can help to improve both the effectiveness and safety of your efforts.

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 Page references sources: 

Bizhang M, et al. Comparative clinical study of the effectiveness of three different bleaching methods.

Crest website. What are the Ingredients in Crest 3D White Whitestrips?

Da Costa, J. Comparison of Two At-home Whitening Products of Similar Peroxide Concentration and Different Delivery Methods.

Ferrari M, et al. Daytime use of a custom bleaching tray or whitening strips: initial and sustained color improvement.

Gerlach RW, et al. Professional vital bleaching using a thin and concentrated peroxide gel on whitening strips: an integrated clinical summary.

Gerlach RW, et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing a novel 5.3% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip to 10%, 15%, and 20% carbamide peroxide tray-based bleaching systems.

Hannig C, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of two home bleaching systems having different peroxide delivery.

Kwon SR, et al. Review of the Mechanism of Tooth Whitening.

Xu X, et al. Randomized clinical trial comparing whitening strips, paint-on gel and negative control.

Yudhira R, et al. Clinical trial of tooth whitening with 6% hydrogen peroxide whitening strips and two whitening dentifrices.

All reference sources for topic Teeth Whitening Strips.