In APA Style, quotations and borrowed phrases are indicated as such within the text, with the author's name and page number cited in parentheses. This pattern is used instead of footnotes or endnotes.
When quoting or paraphrasing an author, begin the sentence by including the author's name followed by the date of publication in parentheses. At the end of the quote or paraphrase, include the page number(s) in parentheses. See example below.
According to Carey (2008), while "fire exits provide patrons with escape routes in the case of an emergency, they also provide thieves with multiple exits, many of which are unwatched by staff" (p. 133).
If the name of the author is not included within the sentence, include the author's name and the publication year at the end of the sentence with the relevant page number(s). For example:
While "fire exits provide patrons with escape routes in the case of an emergency, they also provide thieves with multiple exits, many of which are unwatched by staff" (Carey, 2008, p. 133).
Multiple Authors
To cite a publication with two authors, include both authors' last names either within the sentence or in parentheses at the end of the sentence.
For publications with 3 or more authors, include the name of only the first author plus "et al." in every citation--even the first!
Group Author
When a group or organization authors a paper (e.g. Centers for Disease Control, World Health Organization, United States Department of Agriculture, etc.), use the group name and year in the in-text citation. For example:
(Dickinson College, 2019)
If the group or organization has a commonly used abbreviation--such as CDC, WHO, and USDA, for the above examples--define the abbreviation once in the text. Use square brackets for the abbreviated format if defining it in a parenthetical citation; use parentheses if defining in the sentence itself. See the following examples.
(Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2019)
or
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC, 2019),....
In subsequent citations, use only the abbreviated form:
(CDC, 2019)
or
According to the CDC (2019),....
Group Authors
Most government reports are authored by groups, such as the National Institutes of Health. See page 288, Section 9.11, APA Manual, 7th ed. for detailed information about how to format references using group authors.
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). The Belmont report: Ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. //www.hhs.gov/ohrp/regulations-and-policy/belmont-report/read-the-belmont-report/index.html
Parenthetical citation: (National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1979)
Narrative citation: National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979).
Government Report
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Water-related diseases and contaminants in public water systems. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. //www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/public/water_diseases.html
Parenthetical citation:
First citation: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014)
Subsequent citations: (CDC, 2014)
Narrative Citation:
First citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2014)
Subsequent citations: CDC (2014)
Healthy People
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Health care access and quality. Healthy People 2030. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. //health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/health-care-access-and-quality
Parenthetical citation:
First citation: (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], n.d.)
Subsequent citations: (ODPHP, n.d.)
Narrative citation:
First citation: Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP, n.d.)
Subsequent citations: ODPHP (n.d.)